NCLEX Review & Nursing School

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Hematological System

Hey guys today I want to go over the Hematological disorders that we will most likely encounter in your NCLEX exam.  So First lets go over a quick overview of the hematological system.  Now we all know that The Hematologic system is mainly composed of just the blood and plasma (So on the basic level the  components of the hematological system is just blood and plasma).  Lets look at the blood and the essential values that we need to know for the NCLEX.  The BLOOD is composed of several primary components

RBC (RED BLOOD CELLS/ERYTHROCYTES)
WBC (WHITE BLOOD CELLS/ Leuokocytes)
PLATELETS (THROMBOCYTES)

Lets look at the important blood values that we need to really know for the nclex.

CBC (COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT)

RBC’S= 4.2-6.2 million cells per microliter
HGB= 11.5- 17.5 Grams per deciliter
HCT= 36%- 52%

So again its very important to know our blood values by heart for the nclex.  And its very essential that we know our values to determine if its normal or abnormal so we can further assess our patients’ condition.   We can ask ourselves what can be the reasons for the High and Low Values of these components.  First lets analyze the red blood cells or rbc’s.   If we have a patient with cancer or Polycythemia Vera which is a bone marrow disease that leads to an abnormal increase in the number of blood cells (primarily red blood cells) of our patient, then the values of our patient’s red blood cell will obviously increase.
Now on the opposite side, what condition do you think tends to bring the red blood cell to be lower than normal: obviously anemia would come in mind.  Now lets look at our white blood cells or our WBC values.  The most common causes of increase of our WBC which we are all very familiar with is Infections.  So why is that , well as we all know our WBC or leukocytes is a vital part of the immune system that basically helps our bodies fight off any infection. So during an infection, our body physiologically will circulate more WBC’s in the blood and transport it to the area where an infection has developed

On the opposite spectrum, lets look at the circumstances of our patient in having a decrease in WBC count.  There are various of Autoimmune disorders such as Lupus which comes in to mind which is a disease of the immune system that leads to long-term or (chronic) inflammation that can destroy the white blood cells or decrease the WBC’s.

Now lets go on our next topic and go over one of the most important hematological disorder that we might encounter in the NCLEX exam which is ANEMIA.  We can basically define Anemia as a decrease in the number of red blood cells (RBCs) or if the patient has less than the normal quantity of hemoglobin within the blood.   So, with this disease THERE IS A DECREASE NUMBER OF RBC’S.   As a result, there will be a low amount of oxygen circulation within the body.

General symptoms of anemia:
– weakness
– fatigue,
– pale skin

As we know from nursing school There are several types of anemia:

– Sickle Cell Anemia
– Pernicious Anemia
– Aplastic Anemia
– Iron Deficiency Anemia

Now first lets go ahead and look at SICKLE CELL ANEMIA

• – SICKLE CELL ANEMIA IS AN AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE GENETIC DISORDER
• – AN ABNORMAL SHAPE OF THE RBC’S (SICKLE CELLS).

So basically the cell has an abnormal kind of rigid, sickle shape and because of this it causes a decrease in the cells ability to be flexible and move freely in the body which results in the cell getting stuck within the circulation which is then manifested in pain and other various complications in our patient.

I will continue this review regarding anemia on the next few upcoming videos.  Again I want to thank you guys for taking the time to invest in making sure that you pass your NCLEX.

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