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Insulin

• – Promotes the transport of glucose into the cells so it can be used as energy source.
• – Promotes conversion of glucose to glycogenfor storage in the liver

Treatment for:

• Type 1 diabetes,
• Type 2 diabetes that is uncontrolled with diet, exercise and
  oral medications
• hypergylcemia caused by TPN
• treat hyperkalemia (causes K to move from blood
  into cells).

Side Effects:

hypoglycemia

 

Contraindications:

• Hypoglycemia
• Hypersensitivity to pork for pork insulin

Short Acting Insulin

Regular: Regular Inletin II, Humulin R,
Novolin R  (the only IV insulin).

Rapid acting.
Onset ½-1 hour, peak 2-3 hr, duration 5-7hr.

Intermediate Acting Insulin

• Isophane insulin suspension – NPH, NPH
• Iletin II, Humulin N, Novolin N.
• Insulin zinc suspension – Lente, Ilentin II,
• Lente L, , Humulin L, Novolin L.

Onset 1-11/2 hr, peak 8-12 hr, duration 18-24
hr.

Long Acting Insulin

• Humulin U,
• Ultralente

Route – SC
Onset 4-8 hr, peak 10-30 hr, duration > 36 hr.
Rarely used.

Mixed Insulin

NPH 70%, Regular 30% – Humulin 70/30,
Novolin 70/30.
NPH 50%, Regular 50% – Humulin 50/50
Stable mixtures with onset, peak and duration
of action the same as the N and R
components.

Route – SC
Frequently used when patients have trouble
mixing N and R insulin accurately
themselves.

 

Hypoglycemia

A decrease in the amount of serum glucose level

ASSESMENT

– confusion
– headaches
– tachycardia
– hypotension

Liver Disease