NCLEX Review & Nursing School

PNEUMONIA

– An infectious disease caused by several microorganisms.  Most common organism that cause this infection, includes: Staph. aureus, Strep. pneumoniae, Hemophilus influenza and etc.

ASSESSMENT:

COUGH W/ GREEN RUST COLORED SPUTUM
RALES OR CRACKLES
FEVER, CHILLS, CHEST PAINS
TACHYCARDIA, CYANOSIS

NURSING INTERVENTIONS:

MEDICATION REGIMEN/ ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY

PNEUMONIA is a bacterial, viral, parasitic or fungal infection that causes inflammation of the alveolar spaces.   The causes of Pneumonia can include various organisms such as the E. COLI, HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE, AND STAPH AUREUS AND PNEUMOCYSTIS CARINII, aspiration of food and aspiration of fluid.

• ASSESSMENT FOR THE PATIENT WOULD INCLUDE COUGHING, MALAISE, CHILLS, SHORTNESS OF BREATH, DYSPNEA, CRACKLES AND RONCHI.  THERE WOULD ALSO BE SOME SIGNIFICANT SPUTUM PRODUCTION: RUSTY, GREEN OR BLOODY (PNEUMOCOCCAL PNEUMONIA) AND IF IT’S YELLOW-GREEN (BRONCHOPNEUMONIA)

 

DIAGNOSTIC TESTS:

• SPUTUM STUDIES
• CHEST X RAY
• HEMATOLOGY TESTS
• INCREASE IN WBC

MEDICAL MANAGEMENT:

• A HIGH CALORIE, HIGH PROTIEN DIET.
• ENCOURAGE FLUIDS.
• PLACE IN A SEMI FOWLERS POSITION.
• PLACE PATIENT IN BED REST .

TREATMENTS WOULD INCLUDE CHEST PHYSIOTHERAPY AND POSTURAL DRAINAGE, IT IS ALSO IMPORTANT TO USE THE INCETIVE SPIROMETRY AND THE USE OF HIGH -FLOW NEBULIZER.

 

♠ ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY

•  PENICILLIN G , AMPCILLIN, PENTAMIDINE AND AMOXICILLIN.  ANTIPYRETICS SUCH AS ASPIRIN AND ACETYMINOPHEN (TYLENOL) IS ALSO USED.

 

♣ BRONCHODILATORS:

• METAPROTENELOL
• ALBUTEROL

Pneumocystis carinii pneuomia- is most commonly associated with patients with a compromised immune system, such as a patient with HIV.