Nclex 26 Review on Seizures
Seizures
– abnormal chaotic electrical discharge within the neuron system of the brain.
Types of Seizures:
- GENERALIZED SEIZURES (TONIC CLONIC, ABSENT SEIZURES)
- PARTIAL SEIZURES (SIMPLE, COMPLEX)
Assessment:
- Unconsciousness, convulsions, muscle rigidity
- Brief loss of consciousness
- Sporadic (isolated), jerking movements
- Repetitive, jerking movements
- Muscle stiffness, rigidity
- Loss of muscle tone
Interventions: (what to remember for the NCLEX)
*Never use a tongue blade. Do not restrain the patient.
*Pad the siderails.
Dilantin (Phenytoin): (Anticonvulsant Drug)
– Side Effects includes: Ataxia, slurred speech, blurred vision, mental confusion.
– DO NOT WITHDRAW SUDDENLY (SEIZURES CAN OCCUR).
– Administer this drug with Nornal Saline
– Therapeutic Level: 10- 20 mcg/ ml.
– When taking Dilantin, teach pt. to have good dental hygiene (can cause gingival hyperplasia)
Phenobarbital (Barbituate)
– Side Effects:
-
Lethargy
-
Drowsiness
-
Respiratory depression
-
Hypotension
*No alcohol use while using the drug.
* Phenobarbital can be habit forming.
Tegretol (Carbamazepine)
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