NCLEX 26 Review on Anemia
– OCCURS WHEN THERE IS LOWER THAN NORMAL HEMOGLOBIN IN THE BODY.
– THERE IS A DECREASE NUMBER OF RBC’S.
– Due to this, there will be a low amount of oxygen circulation within the body.
General symptoms of anemia:
– weakness
– fatigue,
– pale skin
– brittled nails.
There are several types of anemia:
– Sickle Cell Anemia
– Pernicious Anemia
– Aplastic Anemia
– Iron Deficiency Anemia
SICKLE CELL ANEMIA
IT IS AN AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE GENETIC DISORDER THAT IS A RESULT OF AN ABNORMAL SHAPE OF THE RBC’S (SICKLE CELLS).
TYPES OF SICKLE CELL CRISIS:
VASO OCCLUSIVE CRISIS
- PAINFUL SWELLING IN EXTREMITIES
- FEVER
- ENGORGED TISSUES
– this is caused by stasis of the blood due to clumping.
SPLENIC SEQUESTRATION
– pooling and clamping of blood within the spleen.
Assessment:
- LOW HEMATOCRIT
- HYPOVOLEMIA
- REDUCED BP
- SHOCK
APLASTIC CRISIS
– diminished production and increased destruction of RBC’s
Assessment:
- ANEMIA
- PALLOR
Treatment:
- Administration of hemopoetic growth factor to correct anemia.
- Erythropoetin, Epoeitin Alfa (SC or IV)
PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
- IT IS CAUSED BY THE INABILITY OF THE BODY TO ABSORB VITAMIN B12, WHICH CAN BE A RESULT FORM A DEFICIENCY OF INTRINSIC FACTOR, WHICH IS NECESSARY FOR THE ABSORPTION OF B12 FROM THE INTESTINES.
Diagnostics: ♣ SCHILLING TEST is used to diagnose pernicious anemia.
Assessment:
APLASTIC ANEMIA
- IT IS A DEFICIENCY OF THE CIRCULATING ERYTHROCYTES AS A RESULTS IN THE COMPLICATIONS WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF RBC’S WITHIN THE BONE MARROW.
IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
– When giving oral iron med. administer to child w/ a straw. (Could stain the teeth)
♣ ♥ ♦ REMEMBER FOR THE NCLEX
– Take Iron with Orange Juice (Helps it absorb better).
– Polycythemia Vera patients can have stroke symptoms
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