CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE

STAGES OF CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE

Stage 1 Diminished Renal Reserve

– renal function is reduced, but no accumulation of metablic wastes occurs.
– the healthier kidney compensates for the diseased kidney
– The ability to concentrate urine is decreased
♦ Results in nocturia and polyuria

– Stage 2 Renal Insufficiency

– metabolic waste begin to accumulate in the blood, because affected nephrons can no
longer compensate.
– responsiveness to diuretics is decreased, resulting in Oliguria and edema

Stage 3 End Stage Renal Disease.

– excessive amount of metabolic wastes such as
urea and creatinine accumulate in the blood.
– kidney is unable to maintain homeostasis
– treatment is by dialysis

Metabolic Changes
– Urea and Creatinine
– Sodium
– Pottasium
– Acid Base Balance
– Calcium and Phosporus

Cardiac Changes
– Hypertension
– Hyperlipidemia
– Heart Failure
– Uremic Pericarditis

INTERVENTIONS
– It is important to monitor renal, respiratory and cardiovascular status and the fluid balance.

REMEMBER FOR NCLEX
– Patient with Chronic Renal Failure would have

DIALYSIS:

Peritoneal Dialysis:

♣ Complication: can include Peritonitis

Hemodialysis:

♠ Pt. may use external shunt or surgically constructed internal arterivnous fistula (long-term)

Most common cause of renal failure is *poorly controlled diabetes & Hypertension.

Dopamine= can enhance renal perfusion and elevate blood pressure.

♠ Ways to control monitor kidney function:

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