Infection Control NCLEX Review

Everyone taking the NCLEX or is about to take the NCLEX  has realized that the NCSBN had change some of the content format of the NCLEX.  One of the big changes includes the percent amount of Safety and Infection Control that will be on the NCLEX.  The “Safety and Infection Control” now makes up about 8-14% of the questions in the NCLEX, I believe that it only previously composed of about 9-12% prior (or I could be wrong).

Infection Control

Recently Infection Control makes up about 10- 13% of the NCLEX.  That means that if you are able to get the average of about 130-150 questions, then you are guaranteed to recieved between 15- 20 questions that is related to Infection Control.  Even if we get the least (75) amount of questions, we can still receive about 7-9 questions that is related to infection control, that is a HUGE help, if we do well on these questions.  I personally dont think that Infection control is a difficult area.  I believe that most of the nursing students never really studied “Infection Control,” when they were in Nursing School.  Therefore, this lack of knowledge did not prepare the majority of the Nursing Student for the NCLEX.

Standard Precautions

– is always done in congruent with the other types of precautions.

Transmission-based Precautions includes:

A – Airborne
D – Droplet
C – Contact

Airborne Precaution

• is done when small droplets of infected pathogens are about ( 5 um) are suspended in the air over time and travels a distance of more than (3) three feet.

AIRBORNE PRECAUTION is used with these diseases:

My – Measles

• Measles- or rubeola
• Can be transmitted through blood urine and droplets
• Communicable about 4-5 days after the rash
• Treatment: Bedrest and antibiotics

Chicken – Chickenpox

• Chickenpox (Varicella)
• Pt. will have a slight fever
• macular rash appears on trunk and eventually turn to crust.

Hez – Herpes Zoster (Disseminated)

TB – Tuberculosis

• Private room
• Negative pressure with 6-12 air exchanges per hour
• UV
• Mask
• N95 Mask for TB

DROPLET PRECAUTION

S – Sepsis
S – Scarlet fever
S – Streptococcal pharyngitis
P – Pneumonia
I – Influenza
D – Diptheria (Pharyngeal)
E – Epiglottitis

What is necesary: Private room and Mask

Contact Precation
M – Multidrug resistant organism
R – Respiratory infection – RSV
E – Enteric infections – clostridium defficile
E – Eye infections

Skin Infections:
V – Varicella zoster
C – Cutaneous diptheria
H – Herpes simplex
I – Impetigo
S – Scabies, Staphylococcus

Private room
Gloves
Gowns

NCLEX Review on Infection Control

It is really important to study and understand Infection Control for the NCLEX Exam.

Lets look at Infection Control more closely for the NCLEX:

INFECTION CONTROL: NCLEX REVIEW

♣♣♣ Nclex Infection Control Review on Contact Precautions ♣♣♣
Contact Precautions -Any Physical Skin-Skin Contact
-Contact with contaminated inanimate objects
*Clean (non-sterile) gloves must be used.
*Change gloves after contact with feces, and/or wound drainage
*Remove gloves & wash hands w/antimicrobial cleanser
* Use gown if RN will have contact with, or if client is incontinent, has an iliostomy/colostomy, wound drainage.
* Remove gown before leaving client’s room

Infection Control NCLEX Diseases
Contact Precautions Diseases:
* MRSA
* Vancomycin resistant organisms
* Herpes simplex & zoster
* Hep A
* GI, Wound, & UTIs
* Pediculosis
* Scabies
* C. diff
* RSV
* Hep A if patient is diapered or incontinent
Lyme Disease Stage 1 = rash/papule at area of tick bite (2-30 days), concentric rings/bull’s eye, lesion enlarges quickly. Regional lymphadenopathy. Flu-like symptoms (malaise, fever, HA, myalgia, arthralgia, conjunctivitis) within one to several months.

Stage 2 (if untreated for 1-6 mo.) = Cardiac conduction defects. Neurological disorders: facial paralysis, paralysis that is not permanent.

Stage 3 = Arthralgias, enlarged or inflamed joints, chronic fatigue, cognitive disorders.

♦♦♦ NCLEX DISEASES: Airborne Precautions ♦♦♦

Airborne Precautions < 5 Microns

Make sure that these patients would require:

1. PRIVATE ROOM
2. CLOSED DOOR
3. FILTERED MASK
   Client requires a private room w/ neg air pressure and 6-12 air exchanges per hour.
   Door must remain closed
   N-95 Hepa filter mask

NCLEX DISEASES: Airborne Precautions
Diseases:
* TB (m. Tuberculosis) MUST WEAR FIT TESTED MASK
* Measles (rubeola)
* Chicken Pox (varicella)
* Shingles (disseminated zoster)

♠♠♠ Nclex Infection Control Review on Droplet Precautions ♠♠♠
Droplet Precautions > 5 Microns
Client requires a private room
Room door may remain open
Any contact with conjunctiva or mucous membranes (nose or mouth), coughing, sneezing, talking or procedures such as suctioning or bronchoscopy
Must maintain spatial separation of 3 feet
If < 3 feet, staff or visitors must wear a mask (i.e. staff giving direct care)

* When transporting client, s/he must wear a mask
Diseases:
* Diptheria
* Streptococcal pharyngitis/tonsillitis
* certain pneumonias
* Meningitis -If caused by H. influenzae Type B or N. meningitidis
* Mumps
* Pertussis
* Scarlet fever

Nclex Infection Control Review on Aids

AIDS — opportunistic infections

• TB
• PCP (P. carinii – pneumonia)
• C. albicans
•  C. neoformans (debilitating meningitis)
• CMV, Kaposi’s sarcoma (most common malignancy)

AIDS Syndrome +ve for HIV in blood (+ve ELISA with a Western Blot or indirect immunoflourescence assay (IFA) follow up) and CD4/TC counts below 200

NCLEX Infection Control: Transmission of Hepatitis

• Hep A transmission Fecal/Oral (shellfish in contaminated water, contaminated food handlers etc.)
  Hep B transmission Parenteral (blood). maternal – fetal, sexual contact
  Hep C transmission Parenteral (blood), sexual contact
  Hep D transmission co-infects w/ Hep B

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