Tag Archives: Infection Control on NCLEX
June 10, NCLEX Review on Safety and Infection Control
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NCLEX Review on Safety and Infection Control
NCLEX Review: Infection Control
When we are talking about Safety and Infection Control we need to simplify things and really understand what is safety and infection control and what the NCLEX wants us to focus on with this topic. It is very important to realize that The “Safety and Infection Control” now makes up about 10 -14% of the questions in the entire NCLEX Exam This is a huge part of the exam, which means that it can be a factor for us either passing or failing the NCLEX exam.
So lets simplify the SAFETY AND INFECTION CONTROL information that we need to know for this NCLEX Review. So the first thing that we need to learn is to understand and simplify each category and correlate which particular disease belongs to each particular category. We have to know this by heart, and to do this we really need to know the basics of each diseases.
So first lets go over the STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
Standard precautions simply are the basic level of infection control that should be used in the care of all patients all of the time. Basically we use standard precautions in the care of all patients, in order to reduce the risk of transmission of microorganisms.
It is also called UNIVERSAL Precaution.
NCLEX Review: Review on Safety and Infection Control
Personal protective equipment (PPE) that we need includes: Gowns, Mask and Eye protection
Now lets go over the meat and potatoes of Safety and Infection Control in the NCLEX Exam which is knowing all the necessary precautions. And obviously in order to be successful in the NCLEX, you have to know this by heart.
The three main transmission based precautions aree Contact precautions– Droplet precautions and Airborne precaution
Lets begin with Contact Precaution. It is pretty much self explanatory in a sense that it is transmitted through usually skin to skin contact. Now the major diseases that exist that enables the organism to be transferred through contact precaution that you will most likely encounter in your NCLEX exam includes mostly skin infections. Since the skin is the number one barrier during a contact.
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Varicella zoster
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Herpes simplex
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Impetigo
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Scabies, Staphylococcus
Now lets take a look at Droplet precaution which can occur from a source such as a person during coughing, or sneezing or talking, Now these Droplets that contain the microorganisms can generally travel no more than 3 feet from the patient.
What Diseases can we usually see that involves droplet precuations in the NCLEX?
These disease can include
* Diptheria
* Streptococcal pharyngitis/tonsillitis
* Meningitis
* Mumps
* Pertussis
* Scarlet fever
Lastly, lets go over the AIRBORNE PRECAUTIONS
NCLEX DISEASES: AIRBORNE PRECAUTIONS
DISEASES that you will most likely encounter in the NCLEX.
* TB (m. Tuberculosis)
* Measles (rubeola)
* Chicken Pox (varicella)
* Shingles (disseminated zoster)
Remember that with TB – Tuberculosis you will need a:
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PRIVATE ROOM
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NEGATIVE PRESSURE WITH 6-12 AIR EXCHANGES PER HOUR
So its basically a negative pressurized room. What this does is that it enables a ventillation system that generates negative pressure to allow air to flow into the room and not allow the pathogens to escape.
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MASK
NCLEX Priority: Make sure to wear our speacial mask which is the N95 MASK FOR TB.
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March 9, Infection Control: NCLEX Review Summary
Infection Control NCLEX Review
Everyone taking the NCLEX or is about to take the NCLEX has realized that the NCSBN had change some of the content format of the NCLEX. One of the big changes includes the percent amount of Safety and Infection Control that will be on the NCLEX. The “Safety and Infection Control” now makes up about 8-14% of the questions in the NCLEX, I believe that it only previously composed of about 9-12% prior (or I could be wrong).
Infection Control
Recently Infection Control makes up about 10- 13% of the NCLEX. That means that if you are able to get the average of about 130-150 questions, then you are guaranteed to recieved between 15- 20 questions that is related to Infection Control. Even if we get the least (75) amount of questions, we can still receive about 7-9 questions that is related to infection control, that is a HUGE help, if we do well on these questions. I personally dont think that Infection control is a difficult area. I believe that most of the nursing students never really studied “Infection Control,” when they were in Nursing School. Therefore, this lack of knowledge did not prepare the majority of the Nursing Student for the NCLEX.
Standard Precautions
– is always done in congruent with the other types of precautions.
Transmission-based Precautions includes:
A – Airborne
D – Droplet
C – Contact
Airborne Precaution
- is done when small droplets of infected pathogens are about ( 5 um) are suspended in the air over time and travels a distance of more than (3) three feet.
AIRBORNE PRECAUTION is used with these diseases:
My – Measles
- Measles- or rubeola
- Can be transmitted through blood urine and droplets
- Communicable about 4-5 days after the rash
- Treatment: Bedrest and antibiotics
Chicken – Chickenpox
- Chickenpox (Varicella)
- Pt. will have a slight fever
- macular rash appears on trunk and eventually turn to crust.
Hez – Herpes Zoster (Disseminated)
TB – Tuberculosis
- Private room
- Negative pressure with 6-12 air exchanges per hour
- UV
- Mask
- N95 Mask for TB
DROPLET PRECAUTION
S – Sepsis
S – Scarlet fever
S – Streptococcal pharyngitis
P – Pneumonia
I – Influenza
D – Diptheria (Pharyngeal)
E – Epiglottitis
What is necesary: Private room and Mask
Contact Precation
M – Multidrug resistant organism
R – Respiratory infection – RSV
E – Enteric infections – clostridium defficile
E – Eye infections
Skin Infections:
V – Varicella zoster
C – Cutaneous diptheria
H – Herpes simplex
I – Impetigo
S – Scabies, Staphylococcus
Private room
Gloves
Gowns
NCLEX Review on Infection Control
It is really important to study and understand Infection Control for the NCLEX Exam.
Lets look at Infection Control more closely for the NCLEX:
INFECTION CONTROL: NCLEX REVIEW
♣♣♣ Nclex Infection Control Review on Contact Precautions ♣♣♣
Contact Precautions -Any Physical Skin-Skin Contact
-Contact with contaminated inanimate objects
*Clean (non-sterile) gloves must be used.
*Change gloves after contact with feces, and/or wound drainage
*Remove gloves & wash hands w/antimicrobial cleanser
* Use gown if RN will have contact with, or if client is incontinent, has an iliostomy/colostomy, wound drainage.
* Remove gown before leaving client’s room
Infection Control NCLEX Diseases
Contact Precautions Diseases:
* MRSA
* Vancomycin resistant organisms
* Herpes simplex & zoster
* Hep A
* GI, Wound, & UTIs
* Pediculosis
* Scabies
* C. diff
* RSV
* Hep A if patient is diapered or incontinent
Lyme Disease Stage 1 = rash/papule at area of tick bite (2-30 days), concentric rings/bull’s eye, lesion enlarges quickly. Regional lymphadenopathy. Flu-like symptoms (malaise, fever, HA, myalgia, arthralgia, conjunctivitis) within one to several months.
Stage 2 (if untreated for 1-6 mo.) = Cardiac conduction defects. Neurological disorders: facial paralysis, paralysis that is not permanent.
Stage 3 = Arthralgias, enlarged or inflamed joints, chronic fatigue, cognitive disorders.
♦♦♦ NCLEX DISEASES: Airborne Precautions ♦♦♦
Airborne Precautions < 5 Microns
Make sure that these patients would require:
- PRIVATE ROOM
- CLOSED DOOR
- FILTERED MASK
Client requires a private room w/ neg air pressure and 6-12 air exchanges per hour.
Door must remain closed
N-95 Hepa filter mask
NCLEX DISEASES: Airborne Precautions
Diseases:
* TB (m. Tuberculosis) MUST WEAR FIT TESTED MASK
* Measles (rubeola)
* Chicken Pox (varicella)
* Shingles (disseminated zoster)
♠♠♠ Nclex Infection Control Review on Droplet Precautions ♠♠♠
Droplet Precautions > 5 Microns
Client requires a private room
Room door may remain open
Any contact with conjunctiva or mucous membranes (nose or mouth), coughing, sneezing, talking or procedures such as suctioning or bronchoscopy
Must maintain spatial separation of 3 feet
If < 3 feet, staff or visitors must wear a mask (i.e. staff giving direct care)
* When transporting client, s/he must wear a mask
Diseases:
* Diptheria
* Streptococcal pharyngitis/tonsillitis
* certain pneumonias
* Meningitis -If caused by H. influenzae Type B or N. meningitidis
* Mumps
* Pertussis
* Scarlet fever
Nclex Infection Control Review on Aids
AIDS — opportunistic infections
- TB
- PCP (P. carinii – pneumonia)
- C. albicans
- C. neoformans (debilitating meningitis)
- CMV, Kaposi’s sarcoma (most common malignancy)
AIDS Syndrome +ve for HIV in blood (+ve ELISA with a Western Blot or indirect immunoflourescence assay (IFA) follow up) and CD4/TC counts below 200
NCLEX Infection Control: Transmission of Hepatitis
- Hep A transmission Fecal/Oral (shellfish in contaminated water, contaminated food handlers etc.)
Hep B transmission Parenteral (blood). maternal – fetal, sexual contact
Hep C transmission Parenteral (blood), sexual contact
Hep D transmission co-infects w/ Hep B
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