Tag Archives: NCLEX Review on Cirrhosis
February 23, NCLEX Review on Endocrine Medications
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NCLEX Review of Endocrine Medications
NCLEX Review Notes:
A quick NCLEX Review on Pituitary Gland Disorders
Pituitary Gland Disorders
HYPOPITUITARISM
Insuffecient quantities of anterior pituitary gland hormones.
ASSESSMENT
- Lethargy
- Hypothermia
- Weight loss
- Amenorrhea
- Dry Skin
- Hypotension
– Monitor the patient’s risk for infection.
Treatment
Surgery: if hypopituitarism is caused by a tumor.
Hormone therapy
- Corticosteroids (cortisol)
- Growth hormone
- Sex hormones (testosterone for men and estrogen for women)
- Thyroid hormone
HYPERPITUITARISM
Also called Acromegaly and Cushings’s Disease
ACROMEGALY
Often a result of a benign tumor
ASSESMENT
- – large hands and feet
- – protruding jaw and forehead
TREATMENT
- Hypophysectomy
- Corticosteroids
- Elevate head at least 30 degrees.
- Glucocoritcoids
- Hormones
- * Surgery ( Transsphenoidal Pituitary Surgery) to remove the pituitary tumor might be the best treatment.
- Octreotide (Sandostatin)
- bromocriptine (Parlodel)
DISORDER OF THE POSTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND.
♣ DIABETES INSIPIDUS
– Hyposecretion of the ADH hormone.
Assessment:
- POLYURIA (4-24 L/DAY)
- POLYDIPSIA
- DEHYDRATION
- LOW URINE SPECIFIC GRAVITY 1.006 OR LOWER
- FATIGUE
- HYPOTENSION
- TACHYCARDIA
– * Fluid Deficit is a priority
Medication:
- VASOPRESSIN (PITRESSIN) *used as an antidiuretic hormone
Examples of Antidiuretic Hormones:
- Desmopressin acetate
- Vasopressin (Pitressin)
Side Effects (Antidiuretic Hormones)
- Headache
- Nausea & Vomiting
- Water Intoxication
- Hypertension
- it’s an antidiuretic hormone
- prevent the loss of water from the body by reducing urine output and reabsorbing water in the body
- (Increases BP)= by constricting (narrowing) blood vessels
- throbbing headache
- stomach pain, bloating
- dizziness, nausea
- blanching of the skin
♠ SIADH
– excess ADH is being released
Assessment:
- FLUID OVERLOAD
- WEIGHT GAIN
- HYPERTENSION
- TACHYCARDIA
- HYPONATREMIA
Interventions:
- – Monitor fluid & electrolyte imbalance
- – Fluid restriction.
Tags: how to study NCLEX, NCLEX, NCLEX Drugs, NCLEX management and delegation, NCLEX Pharmacology, nclex review, NCLEX Review on Cirrhosis
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- Posted under Medical-Surgical
March 22, NCLEX Review on Cirrhosis
NCLEX Review Cirrhosis
So what is cirrhosis and why is it very important to review for the the NCLEX ?
Cirrhosis is basically scarring of the liver. It occurs when there is severe hepatic inflammation or necrosis.
Common causes of cirrhosis:
- Alcohol
- Hepatits C
- Hepatitis B
Complications of Cirrhosis:
(It is very important to understand these complications for the NCLEX.)
Portal Hypertension
An increase in the pressure in the portal vein. It is usually due to an obstruction of blood flow within the portal vein.
Ascites
– an accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity.
– there will be retention of water and sodium in the body.
Esophageal Varices
– occurs when thin walled esophageal veins become distended from an increase in pressure.
Jaundice
– is caused by hepatic cirrhosis. Develops because the liver cells cannot effectively excrete bilirubin.
Portal-Systemic Encephalopathy
– a manifestation by neurological symptoms
Physical Assessment
in patients with Cirrhosis:
- Fatigue
- Abdominal pain
- Weight Loss
- Asterixis
Laboratary Assessment:
There will be an increase in serum levels of (AST)/ Aspartate aminotransferase, (ALT) / Alanine aminotransferase and (LDH) / Lactate Dehydrogenase.
♣ Interventions:
– depends on the SYMPTOM and the COMPLICATION.
FOR ASCITES
- Intervention for ascities includes *PARACENTESIS – if diet and drug management fails.
♠ PARACENTESIS
– The procedure is performed in the bedside.
Tags: Cirrhosis, Cirrhosis NCLEX Review, liver cirrhosis, NCLEX Review on Cirrhosis, what is cirrhosis
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- Posted under Medical-Surgical, NCLEX Reviews, Nursing School
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